All the three ingredients are crushed into small round pieces and mixed and put on a hopper which controls the input. The most common ore of iron is called haematite ironiii oxide. This book describes the blast furnace process for operators. Amazing fastest homemade wood lathe machines working skills extreme wood cutting machines easy duration. Blast furnace operation at a glance the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Step 2a the blast furnace the sinter is added through a hopper at the top of the blast furnace. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. Pdf technological changes in blast furnace iron making. Blast furnace ironmaking a view on future developments. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. The blast furnace ironmaking process had, until recently, been the unchallenged method of making hot metal on a large scale. Two large blast furnaces that began their operation in 2009 and 2011 respectively. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note.
Design of blast furnace is evolved through experience. Blast furnace ironmaking an overview sciencedirect topics. Theory and practice presents the significant role of iron blast furnace by which iron is efficiently and rapidly reduced from ore and it is the basis for all primary steelmaking. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone. The main purpose of sintering of iron ores agglomeration is to convert fine raw materials into lumpy material for pig iron making in the blast furnace. Ironmaking blast furnaces consist of several zones. The charge for agglomerate production comprises three basic parts. The properties of the original raw ore are changed in this process.
As a starting point, the blast furnace is seen as a simple iron ore smelter, while gradually the physical, chemical and metallurgical backgroun. Primetals technologies has provided blast furnace engineering, project excellence and expertise to customers worldwide for over a century. Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. Many of the innovative ironmaking technologies that have emerged in. Blast furnace smelting equipment sinter plant lime. With design, manufacture and installation of pig iron, ferromanganese smelting blast furnace, sinter plant, hot air stove, cip system, shaft furnace, lime kiln, etc. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212. Step 2 the blast furnace the outer case is a water cooled steel casing that provides the main support for the 30 m high furnace. Theory and practice presents theoretical, experimental, and operational evidence about the iron blast furnace as well as a mathematical description of its operation.
Cast iron is very runny when it is molten and doesnt shrink much when it solidifies. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. Till 1990, the blast furnace route of ironmaking had about 97% 527mt share of global iron production.
Since then many other alternative processes of iron making have arisen e. Kinetics and modeling of ironmaking blast furnace overview the ironmaking blast furnace is a complex multiphase flow reactor. An example of gas flow and contents of a blast furnace. A variety of processes take place within the blast furnace, as the stock slowly moves downwards and temperatures increase. The book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. As the mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone heats, the hot waste gases are collected and cleansed.
Modern blast furnace ironmaking an introductio 001 2 scribd. Im new to the blast furnace and would love some advice from you guys. Now there are nearly 700 blast furnace available in world. Hbi o x y g e n % c a r b o n % temperature o c iron ore scrap iron ore to liquid steel blast furnace ironmaking amongst all the ironmaking processes. Cast iron staves in the hearth, upper stack and throat five rows of copper staves are installed in the high heat flux zones of the bosh, belly and lower stack a new blast furnace shell means the use of the standard. The molten iron from the bottom of the furnace can be used as cast iron. As a starting point, the blast furnace is seen as a simple iron ore melter, while gradually the physical, chemical and metallurgical background is clarified. The following areas of the blast furnace process are currently the focus of primetals activity with regards the target to further improve. Describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process. Optimization of refractory lining used in blast furnace a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of technology in mechanical. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. The production of iron is accomplished by smelting of ores, pellets, and sinter in blast furnaces with subsequent refining of molten iron and scrap in oxygenblown processes. An introduction this book describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process.
The nonuniform flow, heat transfer, and carbon dissolution from the refractory and the coke bed dead man cause large differences in thermal conditions and hot metal composition. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. It is suitable for students of metallurgy as well as. Snclavalin specializes in epcm for all phases of the iron and steel making processes including providing services for coke plants, blast furnaces, casters, industrial furnaces, rolling mills, finishing and coating lines, air pollution control, water pollution control, chemical processing, and bulk material handling systems. Ios press ebooks modern blast furnace ironmaking an. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. Amongst all the ironmaking processes, the blast furnace technology, which has been around the longest, still holds the dominant position.
Iron and steel industries consumes enormous amount of energy and contributes significantly in carbon dioxide emission. Slag is used in road making and as slag cement a final ground slag which can be used in cement, often mixed with portland cement. Beginning of a dialog window, including tabbed navigation to register an account or sign in to an existing account. Iron ore agglomeration o sinter process the sinter process was introduced around 1910 to treat flue dust extracted from blast furnace exhaust gases. This project has been performed to increase the steel making production capacity of esfahan steel company in iran from 2. Blast furnace iron making is the main method for modern steel production,the process of blast furnace is an important part. Ironmaking 101 from ore to iron with blast furnaces. Up to today, lining materials have been supplied to about 50 blast furnaces in italy and abroad always achieving excellent results and acquiring a solid reputation among the users. With its breakthrough developments in both blast furnace ironmaking and bof steelmaking indian steel producers both in public and private sectors have been leveraging the benefits in both greenfield and brownfield situations. Composition of a charge in the production of pig iron in a blast furnace. With modern blast furnace ironmaking an introduction the reader has a.
Pdf iron and steel making is one of the most intense energy consuming in the industrial sectors. This book discusses the importance of blastfurnace process as a complete operation. This book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. The book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas. Calculation of blast furnace size is empirical in nature. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals. This book includes a set of equations that accurately describe stoichiometric and enthalpy balances for the process and which are consistent with observed. Sinter is better suited to this practice than pellets. Within the iron and steel industry the ironmaking processes are acknowledged to be the focus area when the topic of energy saving arises. An introduction this book describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of. They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. For example, blast furnace ironmaking including sintering and coking plants consumes about 6575% of the entire energy at an integrated steelworks ca.